• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    1411935 Splitting H DARDA 7 March 1974 [9 March 1973] 10306/74 Heading B5E [Also in Division E1] Apparatus for mechanically breaking up rock comprises a hydraulic piston-cylinder assembly 1, a tubular extension 18 projecting from the cylinder of the assembly, a web 22 extending transversely within the outer end of the extension to define an elongate opening 23, a piston rod 3 which reciprocates a slider wedge 26 in the tubular extension, presser checks 36 which are releasably mounted for lateral movement within the tubular extension and have bearing surfaces for complementary engagement with the surfaces of the slider wedge, and head portions 37 in the presser checks for insertion in the opening 23 so that on rotation of the presser checks the heads are locked within the tubular extension behind the transverse web. The piston rod 3 extends through a cover member 12 screwed into the end of the cylinder 1 and is loosely connected by a pin 28 to the wedge 26 which is capable of rocking about the pin relative to the piston rod. The pin also connects the rod to a guide member 9 slidable in the tubular extension 18 which is screwed into the end of the cylinder. Holes 20 are provided in the extension 18 whereby the pin 28, when aligned with the holes, can be withdrawn to permit changing of the wedge. The lower end of the extension 18 is formed with a recess, defined by a shoulder 21, for receiving the head portions 37 of the presser checks, the head portions having generally a "T" shape. The web 22 extends transversely across the recess and the elongate hole 23, when the wedge is rocked to one side, as shown in Fig. 1, permits the passage of the head 37 of one of the presser checks 36 which can then be rotated through 90 degrees about its longitudinal axis so as to be retained above the web. Semi-circular supporting plates 42, 44 are disposed above and below the head portions for absorbing axial forces of the presser checks. The arrangement permits easy replacement of presser checks 36 with those 36<SP>1</SP> of a larger size. The presser checks are resiliently held against the wedge by a spring 47 which is rotated to the position shown in Fig. 2 during replacement of the presser checks. In another embodiment, the lower supporting plates are somewhat roof-shaped and the spring 47 is replaced by resiliently urged L-shaped pins.
    公开号:SU709005A3
    申请号:SU742000268
    申请日:1974-02-26
    公开日:1980-01-05
    发明作者:Дарда Хельмут
    申请人:Darda Helmut；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to the destruction of rocks.
    A device for crushing rocks; containing an expansion wedge and cheeks, the outer surface of which is made with bimetallic plates, and dielectric gaskets are installed between the latter and the cheeks [1].
    The device operates as follows.
    After the device is installed in a hole drilled in the rock, the cheeks are pressed tightly against the walls of the hole using a wedge. Then, current is supplied to the bimetallic plates. The plates, due to the difference in the expansion coefficients, take a barrel-shaped form, resulting in the destruction of the rock.
    The disadvantage of this device is the low efficiency due to the fact that due to the thermal expansion of the bimetallic plates, it is impossible to create a spacer force exceeding the strength of strong and very strong rocks.
    A device is known for mechanical crushing of rocks, comprising a housing in which a wedge is placed connected to a piston rod located in the upper part of the housing, and pressure cheeks located in the lower part of the housing and fixed on both sides of the wedge by an elastic element [2].
    This device is the closest to the invention in technical essence and the achieved result.
    The disadvantage of this device is that if it is necessary to replace the pressure cheeks and the wedge directly at the work sites, it is necessary to disassemble it completely, which reduces labor productivity.
    The purpose of the invention is the provision of quick replacement of pressure cheeks and wedges directly at the work sites.
    The goal is achieved in that the lower part of the body is made in the form of a glass containing a transverse partition having an opening, while the head parts of the pressure cheeks are T-shaped and placed in the opening of the partition, and the wedge with the rod are pivotally connected along the opening of the partition.
    The elastic element can be made in the form of a spring clip, and the glass with a groove in which the ends of the clip are placed.
    The elastic element may consist of two sleeves with spring-loaded pins, mounted to rotate them around its own axis and slots, while the glass It is advisable to make with cylindrical grooves parallel to each other, in which the sleeves are placed, and the pins to make L-shaped, and their shelves it is advisable to install sleeves in the slots and place one against the other, and press the cheeks to perform with cams on the outer surface eccentrically placed relative to the horizontal axis of symmetry of the device wa and interacting with the shelves of the pins.
    In this case, the pressure cheeks can be equipped with persistent elements made in the form of two pairs of half washers, one of which is located below and the other on top of the head parts of the pressure cheeks.
    It is advisable to provide support elements with a hard alloy overlay.
    Supporting elements located below the head parts of the pressure cheeks may have a surface with an inclination directed along the opening of the partition.
    It is advisable to make the glass in the region of the transverse septum oval, with the major axis being directed along the opening of the partition, and the walls of the glass near the larger axis are thickened.
    The pairing of the head parts with the pressure cheeks from their outer sides can be made in the form of a neck with a conical transition.
    In FIG. 1 shows the proposed device, a longitudinal section (left pressure cheek - in working position, right cheek in a removable position); in FIG. 2 — section A — A in FIG. 1; in FIG. 3 - the same, both pressure cheeks are in working position; in FIG. 4 - section B — B in FIG. 1; in FIG. 5 - the proposed device, a longitudinal section, an embodiment (pressure cheeks are in working position); in FIG. 6 - section B — B of FIG. 5; in FIG. 7 is a section GG of FIG. 5.
    The device for crushing rocks consists of a housing 1, in which a wedge 2 is placed, pivotally connected to the rod 3 by means of a finger 4. The upper part of the housing 1 is connected to the lower part of the cylinder 5, in which a piston (not shown) is connected to rod 3. The lower part of the housing 1 is made in the form of a glass 6 with a partition 7 having an opening 8. The pressure cheeks 9 with their head parts 10 having a T-shape are placed in the opening 8. Moreover, the pressure cheeks are equipped with supporting elements made in the form of two pairs of half washers 11 and 12 and races laid on both sides of the opening 8. Half washers II rest on the surface of the ledge 13 located above, and half washers 12 on the partition 7.
    The surfaces of the support elements in contact with the head parts 10 are provided with a hard alloy overlay. In addition, to reduce the friction forces arising between the head parts of the pressure cheeks and the wedge, the surface of the half washers 12 is made with an inclination directed along the opening 8 of the partition 7.
    In this case, the coupling of the head parts 10 with the pressure cheeks 9 is made in the form of a neck 14.
    The pressure cheeks 9 in the working position are fixed by an elastic element made in the form of a spring clip 15, the bent ends of which are placed in the groove 16 of the glass 6.
    In the second embodiment of the device (Fig. 7), the elastic element consists of two sleeves 17 and 18 with spring-loaded pins 19 and 20, made L-shaped and having shelves 21 and 22. The sleeves 17 and 18 are placed in cylindrical grooves 23 and 24 of the housing 1 and have slots 25 and 26 to enable the horizontal displacement of the pins 19 and 20 and their rotation around its own axis. The pressure cheeks are made with cams 27 and 28 on the outer surface, eccentrically placed relative to the horizontal axis of symmetry of the device and interacting with the shelves 21 and 22.
    In order to increase the strength of the device, the glass 6 in the region of the transverse partition 7 is made oval, and its large axis Ϊ-Γ is directed along the opening 8 of the partition 7, and the walls of the glass near the axis G-1 are thickened.
    To replace the wedge in the housing 1, a through hole 29 is made, the diameter of which on one side is larger than the diameter of finger 4, and on the other, smaller.
    The device operates as follows.
    To destroy the rock, the pressure cheeks are set so that the head hour and pressure cheeks 9 rest on the half washers and 12 and are fixed on both sides of the wedge 2 with a spring clip 15 (Fig. 3) or spring-loaded pins 19 and 20 (Fig. 7).
    Then the pressure cheeks 9 are inserted into a hole or a well drilled in the rock (not shown in the drawing). By moving the wedge 2 down with the help of a piston located in the cylinder 5, a tensile force is created in the borehole, which increases as the wedge moves.
    Once the value of tensile stress.
    exceed the tensile strength of the rock, its destruction (crushing) occurs.
    To replace the pressure cheeks 9 according to the first embodiment of the device (Fig. I, 2, 3, 4), turn the spring clip 15 by 90 the wedge 2 is deflected to the left side, and then the right pressure cheek is turned 90 ° and taken out through the opening 8. Similarly, the left pressure cheek can be rotated and removed, while the wedge 2 is deflected to the right.
    To replace the pressure cheeks 9 according to the second embodiment of the device (Fig. 5,6,7), the spring-loaded pins 19 and 20 are rotated around their axis so that the shelves 21 and 20 do not come in contact with the cams 27 and 28 of the pressure cheeks 9.
    To change the wedge 2, the rod 3 is pushed down until the finger 4 is in front of the through hole 29. Then, from the side where the hole 29 has a smaller diameter, the finger 4 and the wedge 2 are taken out of the housing 1 using the pusher.
    Due to the implementation of the lower part of the body in the form of a glass with a transverse partition on which the pressure cheeks are attached, 'and the articulation of the wedge with the rod, a quick change of the pressure cheeks and wedge directly at the work sites is achieved.
    In addition, the presence of supporting elements equipped with overlays made of hard alloy, as well as pairing the head parts with pressure cheeks in the form of a neck with a conical transition, increases the strength and reliability of the device.
    权利要求:
    Claims (2)
    [1]
    The elastic element can be made in the form of a spring clip, and a glass with a groove in which the ends of the clip are placed. The elastic element can consist of two sleeves with spring-loaded 1) 1 pins, installed with the possibility of rotation of yus around its own axis and slits, in this case the cup I can be carried out with cylinders. grooves parallel to each other, in which the sleeves are placed, and the pins are L-shaped, it is advisable to install their shelves in the slotted sleeves and place one against the other, and press the cheeks with cams on the outer surface, placed eccentrically relative to the horizontal axis device symmetry and interaction with pin shelves. In this case, the crushing cheeks can be equipped with stop elements made in the form of two pairs of semi-washers, one of which is located at the bottom, and the other at the top of the pressing jaws. It is advisable to provide supporting elements with an overlay of hard alloy Ji3. The supporting elements located below the head parts of the pressing cheeks may have a surface with a slope directed along the partition opening. It is advisable to make the glass in the area of the transverse partition oval, with the major axis stitching along the recess and the STY1KI cup near the major axis thickened. The construction of the head parts with the crushing cheeks from their external glands can be made in the form of a neck with a tapered junction. In FIG. 1 shows a proposed longitudinal section of the device (the left pressing cheek is in the working position, the right cheek is in the replaceable position); in fig. 2-section A-A in FIG. one; in fig. 3 - the same, both pressing cheeks are in the working position; in fig. 4 - Sich BB in FIG. one; in fig. 5 - the proposed device, a longitudinal section, an embodiment (the crushing cheeks are in the working position); in fig. 6 shows a section bb of FIG. five; in fig. 7 is a sectional view of the FIG. 5. A device for crushing rocks consists of a housing 1 in which a wedge 2 is hinged to the rod 3 with a finger 4. The upper part of the housing 1 is connected to the bottom of a cylinder 5 in which a piston is placed (not shown) connected to the rod 3. The lower part of the housing 1 is made in the form of a glass 6 with a partition 7, having an opening 8. The pressure cheeks 9 with their head parts. 10, having a T-shape, are placed in the opening 8. Moreover, the pressing cheeks are provided with supporting elements made in the input of two pairs of semi-washers 11 and 12 and are located on both sides of the opening 8. Semi-washers II rest on the ledge 13 above and half-washers 12 - on the partition 7. The surfaces of the supporting elements in contact with the head parts 10 are provided with a hard metal pad. In addition, in order to reduce the friction forces arising between the head parts of the pressing cheeks and the wedge, the surface of the semi-washers 12 is made with an inclination directed along the opening 8 of the partition 7. At the same time, the interface between the head parts 10 and the pressing cheeks 9 is made in the form of a neck 14. The pressure jaws 9 in the working position are fixed by an elastic element made in the form of a spring clip 15, the bent ends of which are placed in the groove 16 of the cup 6. In the second embodiment of the device (FIG. 7) the elastic element consists of two sleeves 17 and 18 with spring-loaded pins pins 19 and 20, made in an L-shaped form and having shelves 21 and 22. The sleeves 17 and 18 are placed in cylindrical grooves 23 and 24 of housing 1 and have slots 25 and 26 for providing the possibility of horizontal displacement of straps 19 and 20 and rotation their own axis. At the same time, the pressing cheeks are made with cams 27 and 28 on the outer surface placed eccentrically relative to the horizontal axis of symmetry of the device and interacting with the shelves 21 and 22. To increase the strength of the device, the glass b in the transverse partition 7 is oval, and its major axis I -G is directed along the opening 8 of the partition 7, and the walls of the glass near the axis of the G-1 are thickened. To replace the wedge in the housing 1, a through hole 29 is formed, the diameter of which on one side is larger than the diameter of the finger 4 and on the other - smaller. The device works as follows. To destroy the rock, the squeeze rods are installed so that the head 10 pressure cheeks 9 rest on the half washers 11 and 12 and are fixed on both sides of the wedge 2 by a spring clip 15 (fig. 3) or spring-loaded pins 19 and 20 (figure 7). Then the pressing jaws 9 are inserted into the hole or hole, drilled in the rock (not shown in the drawing). Moving down 1 with the help of a piston located in cylinder 5, a tensile force is created in the hole, which increases as the wedge 2 moves. As soon as significant stretching force. will exceed the strength of the rock by stretching, it is destroyed (crushing). To replace the pressing cheeks 9, the first bracket of the device (Fig. 2, 3, 4) rotates the spring clip 15 by 90f and the wedge 2 turns to the left; then the right squeezee cheek is turned 90 and taken out through opening 8. Similarly, it can be rotated and removed the stagnation jaw, while wedge 2 is deflected to the right side. To replace the pressing jaws 9 according to the second embodiment of the device (Fig. 5,6,7), the spring-loaded pins 19 and 20 rotate around their axis so that the shelves 21 and 20 do not come into contact with the cams 27 and 28 of the pressing jaws 9. For changing the wedge 2 the rod 3 is pulled down until the finger 4 is in front of the through hole 29. Then, from the side where the hole 29 has a smaller diameter, the pin 4 and the wedge 2 are removed from the housing 1 by means of the pusher. a transversal partition on which the 1 stubby cheeks are attached, and articulating the wedge with the rod is achieved by replacing the pressing jaws and the wedge directly at the work sites. In addition, the presence of supporting elements provided with plates of hard alloy, and the same mating of the head parts with the crush cheeks in the form of a cheek with a tapered transition increases the strength and reliability of the device. Claim 1. Device for mechanical crushing of rocks, comprising a case in which a clutch is placed, connected to a piston rod, placed in the upper part of the case, and pressure cheeks, placed in the part of the case and fixed on both sides of the wedge by an elastic element, characterized by that, in order to ensure the rapid replacement of the pressing cheeks and the wedge directly at the work sites, the lower part of the body is made in the form of a glass containing a transverse partition having an opening, while the head parts are x cheeks vypo Nena T-shaped and has an aperture in the partition, and the wedge with schtokom connected with hinge pozmozh gastyo rolling along the walls of the opening. 2. The device according to claim. 2, characterized in that the elastic element is made in the form of a spring bracket, and the glass with a groove in which the ends of the bracket are placed. 3. The device according to claim 1, distinguishes it with the fact that the elastic element consists of two sleeves with spring-loaded pins installed with the possibility of turning them around its own axis and slots, while this glass is made with cylindrical grooves parallel to each other, in which sleeves are placed, and the pins are L-shaped, their shelves are installed in slots of the sleeves and placed against each other, and the pressure jaws are made with cams on the outer surface placed eccentrically relative to the horizontal axis of symmetry y device and interacting with ass pins. 4. A device according to claim I, characterized in that the pressing cheeks are provided with supporting elements made D in the form of two pairs of half-washers, one of which is located below and another on top of the head parts of the pressing cheeks. 5. Device on PP. 1, 4, characterized in that the supporting elements are provided with an overlay of hard alloy. 6. The device according to paragraphs. 1, 4, I differ from that the supporting elements located below the head parts of the pressing cheeks, face the surface with an inclination directed along the partition opening. 7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the glass in the area of the transverse partition is made oval, with its major axis directed along the opening of the partition, and the walls of the glass near the major axis are thickened. 8. The device according to claim 1, in connection with the fact that the conjugation of the head parts with the crushing cheeks from the external, f sides is made in the form of a neck with a tapered junction. Priority points: 03/09/373 pp. 1,4,5,8; 02.26.74.po paras 2,3,6,7. Sources of information taken into account in the examination of the USSR Author's Certificate of the USSR No. 327327, cl. E 21 C 37/02, 11.05.70.
    [2]
    2. USSR author's certificate No. 402661, 1СЛ. E 21 C 37/02, 02.08.71 (prototype).
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    同族专利:
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    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    EP0305552A1|1987-03-02|1989-03-08|Spetsializirovanny Trest Po Remontu Promyshlennykh Zdany I Soorzheny Pred. Chernoi Met. Tsentral. Raiona Tsentrmetallurgremont|Device for the destruction of monolithic objects|US2595565A|1950-03-14|1952-05-06|James C Buttrick|Cutting unit for mining machines|
    SE305842B|1965-08-11|1968-11-11|H Darda|
    DE1652483B1|1966-12-08|1971-05-27|Helmut Darda|Hydraulically operated device for mechanical dismantling of rock|
    GB1263748A|1968-03-07|1972-02-16|Demag Ag|A stone-splitting tool|
    US3558191A|1969-01-23|1971-01-26|Fletcher Co H E|Means for applying wedging forces to minerals and other bodies|
    US3572840A|1969-03-21|1971-03-30|Fletcher Co H E|Means for applying wedging force to mineral and other bodies|US4114951A|1977-05-09|1978-09-19|Edward R. Langfield|Hydraulically actuated tool for mechanically splitting rock-like material|
    US4168862A|1978-01-05|1979-09-25|Langfield Edward R|Wear or thrust plates for hydraulic rock splitting apparatus|
    DE3228433C2|1982-07-30|1985-08-29|Friedhelm 8390 Passau Porsfeld|Stone splitting device for the mechanical dismantling of stone|
    GB2172227B|1985-03-14|1988-08-10|Sermec Engineering Ltd|Hydraulic wedge unit|
    DE19739743C2|1997-09-10|1999-07-08|Wacker Werke Kg|Tool with reduced vibrations of the upper mass|
    CN112673797A|2020-12-21|2021-04-20|浙江工业大学之江学院|New energy weeding device and use method thereof|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE2311723A|DE2311723C2|1973-03-09|1973-03-09|Hydraulically operated device for the mechanical dismantling of rock|
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